Citation :

Nazwan Iskandar, Ishak Annuar, Yee Hui Robin Chang, "Development and Validation of a Hybrid Hydrogen Gas Detection System: Integrating Physical Phenomena, Electrical Conversion, and IoT Data Acquisition with Raspberry Pi Pico W," International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 197-203, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V74I2P113

Abstract

This study explores the detection and monitoring of hydrogen gas production by dry-cell hydrogen generators in physical, electrical, and Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time hydrogen detection and monitoring. The physical tests employ two types of testing: bubble and balloon tests. Meanwhile, the electrical test is that the hydrogen fuel cell is connected directly to the motor load, whose function is to convert hydrogen gas into electricity to run the motor load. Two hydrogen sensors are connected to Raspberry Pi Pico W, an IoT-based monitoring system, to collect hydrogen gas. The result showed an audible explosion from trapped hydrogen bubbles, and balloon buoyancy due to hydrogen's low density was recorded. This result confirmed the successful production of hydrogen by a dry-cell hydrogen generator. The electrical conversion of hydrogen by a fuel cell to power a motor further validated the system's functionality. Two hydrogen sensors (MQ-8) are connected to the IoT-based microcontroller to detect the amount of hydrogen gas production. The results showed that hydrogen bubbles were produced by the hydrogen generator, which created an audible explosion when a lighter was ignited near the bubbles. The integration of IoT connectivity analysed and confirmed the limitations of the MQ-8 hydrogen sensor's operational boundaries. The results demonstrated that the MQ-8 module's hydrogen sensor works effectively below 8000 ppm. Operating the MQ-8 hydrogen sensor at levels higher than 8000 ppm can cause it to burn.

Keywords

Hydrogen sensor, Raspberry Pi Pico, IoT, Microcontroller, Fuel-cell.

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